Differentials play an essential role in modern car design, but most vehicle owners don’t know much about them. Inconspicuously located near the drivetrain, differentials rarely cause problems requiring auto repair. However, a faulty differential can affect your car’s performance and put your safety in jeopardy. Learn more about what they do and how to recognize when they’re wearing out.

What Are Car Differentials?

A differential is the part of your vehicle that allows wheels connected to a single axle to rotate at varying speeds. This function is necessary because, when you're turning, the outside wheel has a further distance to travel than the inside wheel. As a result, the outside wheel must move faster to cover more ground in the same amount of time. The differential keeps your wheels from skidding or slipping so you can make turns seamlessly and avoid costly auto repairs. 

What Type Do I Have?

The type of differential you have will depend on the kind of vehicle you drive.

Open differentials are the most common variety, as they can be found in family sedans and economy cars. They split the engine torque evenly between the wheels, and they reduce the power applied to both tires when one loses traction.

Limited-slip differentials are typically installed in sports vehicles. They operate similarly to open differentials but have a clutch mechanism that automatically locks the axles when one wheel starts to slip.

Torque-vectoring differentials come on high-end vehicles and use additional gear trains to deliver a precise amount of power to each wheel. This provides maximum traction when going around corners.

How Do I Know if It’s Damaged?

Your car's differential can only work if it's kept sufficiently lubricated with gear oil. Over time, this fluid will need to be drained and replaced to eliminate contaminants and buildup. If the gear oil gets too low or dirty, you may notice strange noises when turning or accelerating and decelerating.

A worn or damaged differential can create issues with other parts and cause a steady vibration when pushing on the gas, grinding or whining gears, and uneven wear around the outside of your tires. Under these circumstances, it's best to take your vehicle to an auto repair shop to prevent further damage. 

If you want a professional to look at your car’s differential, bring it in to P & T Automotive Repair in High Point, NC, for reliable and affordable service. Backed by more than 30 years of experience, these mechanics are qualified to provide maintenance and auto repairs on all types of makes and models. You can count on them to properly diagnose the problem and restore your vehicle to optimal function. Call (336) 869-8051 to make an appointment, or visit their website for more information on how they can help extend the life of your car.