Age-related macular degeneration is a common disorder faced by seniors. Slight changes in vision are common with age, but can sometimes be early signs of this condition. Luckily, proper eye care will help you avoid it. Here’s all you need to know to keep your eyesight sharp.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

There are two types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry accounts for 85% to 90% of cases and occurs when tissue in the macula—a part of the retina—dries out and breaks. This heavily impacts vision clarity, creating difficulty seeing in low light conditions. Words may appear blurry, and it may take longer for you to adapt to changes in light.

The wet variety of the condition is caused by abnormal blood vessel growth and typically occurs in people who have dry macular degeneration. Fluid may build up in the back of the eye, and the patient might see colors less vibrantly and develop blurry spots and haziness in their vision. Wet macular degeneration doesn’t affect peripheral vision, so it won’t lead to total blindness.

There are many potential causes of macular degeneration. For example, the disorder is most common in Caucasians aged 50 and older, so genetics may play a role. Tobacco use, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are also risk factors.

How Can You Keep Your Vision Healthy?

When caught early, this condition is highly treatable. An eye care professional may be able to slow its progression and potentially restore some of your lost eyesight.

To test for macular degeneration, an ophthalmologist will first dilate your eyes and look for fluid buildup. They may use diagnostic imaging to identify weak parts in the eyes and check for symptoms, such as seeing straight lines as bent or broken.

If you have the disorder, the professional might inject medication into the eyes to prevent new blood vessel growth. Photodynamic therapy also addresses abnormal vessel growth. This treatment uses injectable medication to close leaking blood vessels. Once the product reaches the affected eye, the doctor shines a laser to activate it and seal the blood vessels behind the macula.

You can prevent age-related macular degeneration by avoiding tobacco products and eating a nutrient-rich diet. Consume plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially those with antioxidants. The omega-3 fatty acids in fish and nuts have shown to improve eye health, and eating a healthy diet will reduce your risk of obesity and heart disease.

To maintain optimal eye health, turn to Tri-State Ophthalmology of Ashland, KY, for annual exams. Led by Dr. John Gross, MD, and Dr. Carter Gussler, MD, this eye care practice has served Boyd County since 1963. Visit their website to learn more about macular degeneration, find more tips on their Facebook page, or call (606) 324-2451 to schedule an appointment.