Back pain affects almost everyone at some point. Although the pain may be temporary and minor, sometimes it’s a sign of something more serious. For example, the discomfort may be due to either a bulging or herniated disc in the spine. Because these ailments are similar, it can be confusing to determine exactly what’s causing your pain and how to treat it. Here’s a closer look at the two conditions.

The Anatomy of the Spine

Understanding how disc issues cause back pain begins with having an idea of how your spine is constructed. The bones of your spine, called the vertebrae, are separated by rubbery discs of cartilage.

These discs give the spine flexibility and allow for movement while also serving as shock absorbers between the bones and protecting the spinal cord. As these discs naturally deteriorate over time and become less flexible, the likelihood of a bulging or herniated disc increases. 

Bulging Discs Explained

Many people, especially older adults, have bulging discs. A disc has an outer layer of firm cartilage that surrounds an inner layer of softer tissue called the nucleus. As a disc deteriorates, the nucleus pushes against the more firm cartilage, causing a bulge. In most cases, only a portion of the disc is affected. However, since the bulge is often small, it doesn’t cause a great deal of back pain.

Unfortunately, a bulge often worsens into a herniated disc. Bulging discs are typically diagnosed based on back pain, although pain in the buttocks and legs may also be important clues. Some people have discomfort while walking as well.

Depending on the severity of the pain, treatment may involve medication, including steroid injections for severe nerve pain. Physical therapy and exercise are also typically recommended. Surgery is reserved for only the most severe cases, usually when the bulge has become a hernia.

Herniated Discs Explained

A spinal disc becomes herniated, or slipped, when the soft cartilage of the nucleus breaks through the outer wall of the disc, creating a large bulge outside of the disc. In most cases, this causes severe back pain as the bulge presses on the spine’s nerves. However, that’s not always the case, and some people may not realize they have a herniated disc until they do something like twist the wrong way or lift a heavy item and feel the bulge press on the nerve. 

A herniated disc is diagnosed the same way as a bulging disc: with a physical exam and imaging, if necessary. Treatment is also similar, with medication, physical therapy, and exercise. Surgery may be performed if the previous strategies aren’t successful enough.

If you have new or worsening back pain, contact O’Fallon Pain Relief Associates in St. Charles County, MO. They’ll help find the cause of the pain and develop a personalized pain management plan using massage, chiropractic care, physical therapy, and medication to provide relief. Call (636) 978-3000 to book an appointment or visit their website for more information on their services.