Periodontitis, more commonly known as gum disease, affects millions of adults each year. It occurs when bacteria infect the gums and causes a variety of uncomfortable symptoms. In severe cases, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and jawbone deterioration. Learn more about the stages of gum disease and how a dentist can help with this useful guide.

The 4 Stages of Gum Disease

1. Gingivitis

Gingivitis is characterized by mild symptoms such as gum redness and bleeding. It occurs when enough plaque builds up along the gum line that bacteria can get beneath the gum tissue. Professional teeth cleaning and at-home oral care, such as daily brushing and flossing, can reverse gingivitis. 

2. Mild

Though irreversible, mild periodontal disease is easy to manage. This stage occurs when bacteria move to the jawbone, causing more serious gum swelling, bleeding, and redness. Additionally, you may notice halitosis and gum recession.

At this stage, your dentist may recommend scaling. This involves using a laser to remove tartar and bacteria from tooth surfaces beneath gums to prevent the infection from spreading. 

3. Moderate 

Moderate gum disease features all of the symptoms of the first two stages but with pronounced gum recession and more aggressive bacteria. In addition to attacking the jaw, bacteria may also enter the bloodstream.

Dentists often suggest root planing to combat this. They’ll use an ultrasonic instrument to remove tartar and bacteria from below the gum line and smooth out rough spots on the roots. 

4. Advanced

As periodontal disease advances, harmful bacteria will thoroughly invade the jawbone, causing bone loss. You might notice pus oozing from red and swollen gums, sensitivity to cold food and beverages, loose teeth, pain while chewing, and bad breath.

This stage typically necessitates periodontal surgery or laser therapy to clean bacteria out of deep pockets in the gums and jawbone.

As soon as you notice the symptoms of gum disease, book an appointment with Genrich Family Dentistry in Lincoln, NE. This dentist offers teeth cleaning and laser therapy to remove the bacteria, plaque, and tartar that cause infections. Call (402) 466-2211 to schedule an appointment and visit the website to learn more about how these professionals can keep your smile healthy and beautiful.