Air conditioning units are efficient machines that have several working parts. Understanding these components and their potential issues will help you explain the situation to your HVAC contractor if you need repairs or essential maintenance. Use this guide to familiarize yourself with the unit and understand how it works.

What Are the Various Parts of an AC Unit?

1. Coolant

The coolant or refrigerant is the fluid that constantly runs through the unit, draws heat from the house’s air, and releases it outside. It runs through refrigerant lines that connect the inside mechanism to the outside unit.

If your coolant is leaking, you’ll need an HVAC technician to handle the issue. Without this substance, the system won’t provide cool air. Avoid touching the liquid and keep children and pets away, as it’s toxic and should only be handled by a professional.

2. Compressor

The compressor is located in the outside unit, and it pressurizes the coolant to keep it moving and enable it to release heat. If the compressor fails — which can happen due to electrical, refrigerant, or suction line problems — the coolant won’t move through the system efficiently, and you’ll have a weaker output of air from the vents.

3. Condenser

Pressurized, heated coolant moves from the compressor and into the condenser coils. The coils release the heat to the outside air.

If the condenser’s fan motor breaks down, air won’t escape the unit. Also, dirty or damaged coils can prevent heat transfer.

4. Evaporator Coils

The coolant loses pressure and heat as it passes from the condenser coils to the evaporator coils. At this point, the refrigerant has cooled off and will absorb the warmth around it.

This process leaves the evaporator coil cold. Common problems include a coolant leak developing from the coils or ice forming on the components.

5. Indoor Fan

The indoor fan blows air over the cold evaporator coil and sends the cooled air into the home. If the fan’s motor breaks or becomes stuck, the air conditioning unit will stop sending the fresh air throughout the house, leaving your rooms hot and uncomfortable.

 

If you need HVAC repair in Omaha, NE, J.W. Smith & Company has over 55 years of experience working with heating and air conditioning units. Their comprehensive services include installations, repairs, and ongoing maintenance, as well as air quality solutions to help you breathe. Learn more about their services online, or call (402) 571-7590 to schedule an appointment.