When coffee beans are roasted and ground, they release volatile compounds that create distinctive scents. These aromas provide clues to the brew’s taste, which is why roasters use aromatic terminology to describe their offerings. Understanding the terms used to distinguish different compounds can help you better identify your favorite bean style. Here's a closer look at the most common categories. 

Roasted

One of the first chemical processes that occurs during roasting is the Maillard reaction. It starts around 302 degrees Fahrenheit, causing a chain of chemical reactions that turns the beans from green to brown and releases flavors. When a certain furan compound is released at this stage, the standard coffee scent is created.

Described as "roasted" or “toasted,” the aroma is nutty with hints of peanut or walnut. When pyrazine compounds are present, the nuttiness is accompanied by earthy notes, similar to bell peppers. 

Caramel 

Caramel and roasted are two of the most common aromas. Also a result of the Maillard reaction, the "caramel" scent is described as a natural sweetness that evokes mental images of caramel or honey. It's created from furans and makes for a sweeter brew, even without the addition of sweetener. 

Fruity

The presence of aldehydes and ketones can produce a sweet yet fruity scent, which is less heavy than a caramel brew. The scent and flavor is similar to apples and blueberries. If the aroma is closer to a lime, lemon, or orange, use "citrus" as a descriptor instead. 

Floral

Strong floral tones are less commonly produced than roasted or caramel notes. A result of the coffee plant's flowers, the aroma becomes more powerful in brews grown at higher elevations. Some of the most renowned coffee beans boast floral notes, such as cardamom or jasmine. Kona coffee, which is grown on Hawaiian mountainsides in volcanic soil, falls into this category. 

Put your new aroma knowledge to the test by visiting Maui Coffee Roasters in Kahului, HI. Since 1982, the local coffee shop and roaster has served up bold, delicious brews to residents across the island. They also offer wholesale supplies, including coffee beans and brewing equipment. Browse their offerings online, and place an order at (808) 877-2877.