For an electrical system to work, a current needs to travel along an established path—called an electrical circuit—inside of a conductive material. A short circuit occurs when something disrupts the path and allows the current to travel along a different course. An electrician is required to repair a system that experiences a short circuit. Learn below about the types and causes of short circuits that may affect you.

Types of Short Circuits

Electricity is a live current’s effort to find its way to the ground, where it can be absorbed and neutralized. A “hot” copper wire encased in protective insulation carries a live current to an object, while a “neutral” wire carries excess current away from that object and into the ground. If anything goes wrong with this system, it can result in a short circuit.

Normal Short Circuit

This type occurs when a bare hot wire touches a neutral wire. The neutral wire offers the live current a different, less-resistant path to follow instead of its established one. This usually results in sparks, crackling sounds, and sometimes fire and smoke. 

Ground Fault Short Circuit

Certain components of an electrical system are connected to the earth’s ground, helping to direct the current safely to it. These grounded components include metal wall boxes and bare copper ground wire.

If the system is defective or faulty, it can cause the current to find another, less safe way to ground. For example, if you touch the system while you’re standing on earth, you could be that path. 

This is called a ground fault short circuit. A ground fault isn’t as likely to cause a fire or burn you, but it is a notable shock hazard.

Causes of Short Circuits

Faulty or Damaged Wire Insulation

If a wire’s casing or insulation is faulty or damaged, bare wires can come into contact with each other and cause a short circuit. A current that’s no longer encased in insulation can find an easier path to the ground. Punctures or bites due to nails, tools, or pests can damage the insulation and expose the wire. Insulation can also melt from high temperatures caused by previous short circuits.

Loose Wire Connections

Loose wires at the screw terminals can also result in short circuits and fires. Wire connections may be loose due to improper installation, broken screw terminals, or push-in fittings. You should hire an experienced electrician to fix loose wire connections because they can be incredibly dangerous.

 

If you’ve experienced a short circuit and need an expert electrician in greater Williamson County, TX, turn to Cedar Park Electric. Since 1996, this electrical contractor has served both commercial and residential clients. Their services include electrical inspections, installations, and professional repairs. For more information, call them at (512) 965-6789 or visit them online.