More commonly known as gum disease, periodontal disease is a serious dental health issue. Without treatment, the inflammatory condition can cause tooth loss and jawbone deterioration. Learn more about the oral health problem with these frequently asked questions to take better care of your teeth and gums.

Common Questions About Periodontal Disease

What is it?

The successor to gingivitis, gum disease results from poor oral care. Without proper brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings, bacteria builds up in the mouth. The resulting plaque that develops along the gumline hardens into tartar. It irritates gum tissue, causing it to recede and expose sensitive tooth roots.

Without treatment, periodontal disease creates pockets in the gums that loosen teeth. Gum tissue deterioration eventually causes teeth to fall out, with serious cases spreading to the jawbone and causing it to break down.

What are the symptoms?

Gum tissue looks red and swollen as the disease takes hold. The gums may also bleed and feel tender, while teeth become sensitive and chewing painful. Gum recession also occurs, making teeth look longer.

Teeth start to loosen and may fall out if no treatment measures are taken. Excess bacteria in the mouth also causes chronic bad breath.

How does a dentist treat gum disease?

Dentists use small rulers or “probes” to measure gum tissue pockets. Healthy gums have pockets between 1 and 3 mm, so deeper pockets indicate infection. Your dentist will also ask about teeth cleaning habits and risk factors, such as certain immunity-depleting illnesses and tobacco usage, that make it difficult for gum tissue to heal quickly.

After an X-ray that looks for jawbone loss, the dentist devises a treatment plan to address the disease’s severity. Early stages can be reversed with deep cleanings, known as scaling and root planing, to clean out the infection from the gumline. 

Serious cases require visits with periodontists who may recommend gum grafting or similar treatments that restore tissue.

Is it preventable?

Periodontal disease is easily preventable by brushing your teeth for two minutes twice a day, flossing once a day, and seeing your dentist every six months for cleanings and checkups. Biannual dental visits catch gingivitis and gum disease symptoms early so you can take preventative steps. 

What you eat and drink also affects bacteria levels in the mouth; for example, water rinses the teeth and gums while sugary beverages coat them and feed bacteria. Stick to water and wholesome foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to keep your mouth healthy. 

Take charge of your oral health with services from Brian S. Kubo, DDS, Inc. The Kamuela, HI-based dentist has served Big Island residents for over 20 years, providing periodontal disease treatment and restorative dentistry to address tooth loss. Call (808) 885-8465 today to schedule an appointment, or fill out a patient form online. Get additional dental care tips on Facebook.