Half of all Americans have gum disease to some extent. Marked by an infection and inflammation of gum tissue, the condition can have a number of consequences if steps aren't taken to prevent or treat it, ranging from bleeding and pain to gum recession and lost teeth. Below, discover all you need to know about gum disease.

Causes

Gum disease is caused by plaque buildup along the gumline. Bacteria in the mouth naturally forms a thin layer of film that sticks to the surface of the teeth and gums; this film is plaque. Regular brushing and flossing are essential to plaque removal. The longer plaque sits, the higher the likelihood it will harden and become tartar, and tartar makes it more difficult to remove new plaque buildup. Several possible issues can interfere with plaque removal, such as ineffective brushing and flossing habits, smoking, and taking medications that have dry mouth as a side effect.

Symptoms

Often, the most noticeable symptom of gum disease is sore, red, swollen, or bleeding gums, especially after brushing or flossing. Other signs include chronic bad breath; teeth sensitivity; pain when chewing; or visible recession of the gumline. If gum disease has reached a more advanced stage, you may notice loose teeth as well.

Treatment

The exact course of treatment will depend on how advanced the disease is. In milder cases, improved brushing and flossing habits may be all that's necessary. For moderate gum disease, a dentist can perform a deep cleaning of the gum pockets between the teeth, removing the bacteria that's causing the infection. They might also give an oral antibiotic to eradicate the infection. In serious cases, a patient may need a gum graft to thicken the tissue and better hold the teeth in place.

Prevention

To prevent gum disease, brush your teeth at least twice daily, and always floss before going to bed. Visit a dentist for biannual checkups, and if you smoke, consider quitting. If you take medication that causes dry mouth, sip on water throughout the day to keep the teeth and gums well hydrated.

If you notice signs of gum disease, contact C.R. Sfeir D.D.D., General Dentistry. Since 1995, Dr. Sfeir and his team have been serving patients throughout Lorain, OH, and the surrounding area. They offer general and cosmetic dentistry services, including gum disease treatment, preventative exams, and teeth whitening. Call (440) 960-5200 or visit them online to schedule an appointment.