There is more than one type of stainless steel available to the public, and they each have their strengths and weaknesses. The most common types of steel are austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic, and knowing which one is right for you and your project will help you make the appropriate choice for a robust and durable product. 

What Are the Common Types of Stainless Steel Available?

1. Austenitic Stainless Steels

The most common type of stainless steel, austenitic, has a high chromium content compared to the rest of the steel on the list, giving the metal a high resistance to corrosion. Austenitic is often non-magnetic, though it’s possible to magnetize the metal after cold working.

Grade 304 and Grade 316 are the most common grades because of their versatility. Whereas Grade 304 has high tensile strength and temperature tolerance, Grade 316 has better resistance to chlorides, making it resistant to salt corrosion.

2. Ferritic Stainless Steels

Ferritic stainless steel is a magnetic form of the material. While it can be hardened through cold working, it isn’t preferred for hard metals, as it can become brittle and break easily. Ferritic is less expensive and has a lower nickel content than austenitic. 

Grade 430 and Grade 434 are the most common grades because of their high resistance. Grade 430 has a high resistance to nitric acid, while Grade 434 works the best at high-temperature and has one of the best pitting resistance of other stainless steel grades.

3. Martensitic Stainless Steels

One of the least common stainless steel alloys, they have a lower resistance compared to the rest on this list. What separates martensitic metal is its high hardness, which makes it the best option for applications that require high impact resistance and tensile strength.

Grade 420 is the most common form of martensitic stainless steel. Although it doesn’t have high chemical resistance, it does resist water, some alkalis, mild acids, and food compounds, which makes it an excellent option for cutlery.

The multiple applications for stainless steel are endless, and no matter what project you want to complete, whether its metal fabrication or welding, consider trusting Nadler Welding & Repair Shop. Since 1951, they have served both St. Charles and Warren Counties in Missouri by offering the expertise only a family-owned-and-operated company can provide. Shop their full range of products and services by visiting their website, or call (636) 327-4404 to discuss your project with one of their team members.