Glaucoma is an eye condition that damages the optic nerve. If left untreated, it can lead to progressive, permanent vision loss. Over three million Americans have a diagnosis, making it the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the United States. Get to know this common but serious eye disease in more detail below.

Causes

Most often, glaucoma is caused by a buildup of fluid in the front part of the eye. This accumulation increases ocular pressure and places stress on the optic nerve. In the most common form of the disease, called primary open-angle, the eye cannot drain fluid as it should, so the buildup—and its attending symptoms—happen gradually. Angle-closure glaucoma is much less common, but it is always a medical emergency; with this type, the iris blocks the eye's ability to drain fluid, and pressure builds up quickly.

Symptoms

With open-angle glaucoma, the most obvious symptom is a slow loss of vision, usually in both eyes. Once the condition reaches an advanced stage, tunnel vision is not uncommon. With angle-closure glaucoma, there is significant eye pain, nausea, vomiting, and sudden vision changes, including blurriness, halos, and compromised eyesight—especially in low-light settings.

Risk Factors

Age is one of the most significant risk factors, with the probability of developing the condition increasing after age 40 and spiking significantly after age 60. Those with a family history of the disease or with a prior diagnosis of high eye pressure or thin corneas are also at high risk. Certain medical conditions may be a factor as well, with diabetes, high blood pressure, and severe nearsightedness among the potential contributors. African Americans and Mexican Americans also tend to have higher risk rates.

Prevention

While there is no known way to prevent the disease definitively, there are some steps you can take to minimize risk. Maintain regular visits to your eye doctor, especially as you age. Lead a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise, and consider medications for diabetes or high blood pressure if you have a history of these conditions. Limit caffeine intake, and don't smoke. Make note of any vision changes and have them checked out by an eye doctor as soon as possible.

Have your optometrist test for glaucoma at your next routine eye exam. Blue Earth Valley Eye Clinic offers comprehensive eye care services to patients throughout Faribault County, MN. From preventative exams and glaucoma testing to contact lens evaluations and eyeglasses fittings, they will help you maintain clear and dependable vision. Call (507) 526-2222 to schedule an appointment. Visit their website for more information on their services.