Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a condition in which a cat’s normal immune system functioning is compromised. As a result, the cat becomes more susceptible to secondary infections. While the condition is lifelong, many felines can live a healthy life with the help of ongoing care from a veterinarian. 

What Causes FIV?

FIV is typically spread by bite wounds from one infected cat to another. These types of injuries usually result from territorial disputes or other aggressive fights, so limiting your pet’s outdoor exposure can significantly reduce their risk. Less often, the disease can also be passed from a mother cat to her kitten through birth.

What Are the Symptoms?

Cats that have become infected with the virus may go many years before displaying any symptoms. This is referred to as the acute stage. If they do produce symptoms in this phase, they may show signs of infection, such as fever, lethargy, and appetite changes. However, most recover without any intervention from a veterinarian.

Some cats will progress into the subclinical stage, during which their white blood cells decrease or they frequently contract illnesses. This stage can last months or years. As white blood cell levels drop significantly, your cat may experience weight loss; gum, mouth, and eye inflammation; compromised wound healing; and behavioral changes.

How Is It Treated?

Since there is no specific treatment available for FIV, veterinarians mostly focus on treating any secondary infections or illnesses which may arise. A healthy diet can also be used to support optimal nutrition. If needed, a cat may also be prescribed anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing drugs once symptoms begin to arise.

Whether your cat is exhibiting symptoms of FIV or simply due for an exam, Animal Care Center of Fairfield in Butler County, OH, can help. These veterinarians offer preventive and emergency care to help keep pets in their best health at every age. Learn more about their wellness care options by visiting their website, or call (513) 829-6621 to schedule an appointment for your pet.