Gum disease is characterized by inflammation of the gums. While this may not sound all that serious, the condition can actually cause irreversible damage if left untreated. Thankfully, dentists know how to stop it in its tracks—as long as it’s diagnosed early enough. This is why scheduling frequent exams and cleanings is critical for maintaining your oral health. In the meantime, here’s what you should know about the various stages of gum disease so you can determine if there may be a problem between appointments.

Understanding Gingivitis

Gingivitis is essentially chronic inflammation of the gums. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis; however, gingivitis in and of itself does not cause permanent damage. While mild cases may not manifest any noticeable symptoms, more severe cases can result in red or purple gums that are tender. Bleeding when brushing and flossing is also common among those with gingivitis, as is halitosis.

Gingivitis develops when too much plaque accumulates on the teeth. Not only does the actual plaque harden into tartar, thereby irritating the gum line, but the bacteria it contains also triggers an immune response, which causes additional inflammation. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent gingivitis is by maintaining good oral hygiene so plaque cannot accumulate around the teeth.

Understanding Periodontitis

As gingivitis progresses, the gums can start pulling away from the teeth. This is part of the body's natural inflammatory response to the bacteria that have been colonizing the mouth. Known as gum recession, this can eventually lead to permanent tooth loss.

The symptoms of periodontitis are similar to those of gingivitis but tend to be more severe. They include bleeding gums, loose teeth, severely bad breath, and pain when chewing. If you don’t visit a dentist once you realize there’s a problem, your teeth will eventually start falling out, as well. Thankfully, there are various treatments for periodontitis, including scaling and root planing, applying topical antibiotics, and undergoing surgery. As such, the condition can be stopped, and your smile can be preserved if the damage is addressed early enough.

If you’re concerned about gum disease—or simply overdue for an exam—turn to Larry G. Hubbard, DDS in Statesboro, GA. Since 1978, this friendly dentist has been providing comprehensive oral health care services for patients throughout Bulloch County. He and his team offer both preventive care and restorative procedures, including fillings, crowns, and bridges. To learn more about Dr. Hubbard’s experience as a dentist, visit his website. To make an appointment, call (912) 764-9891.