You may have heard of a differential, and may even know it’s part of your vehicle’s suspension, but did you know there are different types, or that it needs to be maintained? Differentials are based on a vehicle’s ability to navigate terrain. Here are the different types and how to care for them.

The Differential

The differential is a gear assembly, which helps regulate individual tire rotations when taking turns. Think of two runners rounding a corner on a track; the inside runner has less distance to run than the runner in the outside lane, and this same concept holds true for car tires. The tire on the inside performs fewer rotations than the one on the outside, so the differential helps to keep the rotations synced for proper handling. If the differential is faulty it can cause wear on other parts of the suspension system.

The Different Types

The three main types are open, limited-slip, and torque-vectoring. Open differentials are the oldest and used the most. For regular street driving, they work fine, but if one tire slips, the power is distributed to the wheel with the least amount of grip, which causes less traction overall.

The limited-slip introduced a clutch mechanism to the open version, which applies more friction to the slipping tire to maintain better traction. Torque-vectoring was originally used in very high-priced luxury vehicles, but cheaper versions are now available on economy vehicles. This differential uses sensors, clutches, and electronic controls to verify traction hundreds of times per second.

How to Care for It

The differential is usually in the transmission housing on front-wheel drive vehicles and is automatically lubricated by the transmission oil. Rear-wheel drive vehicles have their own differential housing at the rear of the vehicle. If there is a drain plug, then it will not be a difficult job; otherwise, the housing cover must be removed. Most manufacturers recommend changing your oil every 30,000 to 50,000 miles – check your owner’s manual if you’re not sure.

Differential maintenance is often overlooked, and it is one of the most important parts of any vehicle’s suspension system. Go to Stillwater Auto Clinic, in Stillwater, MN, for all your car repair needs. Since 1977 they have impeccably serviced the St.Paul/Maplewood area with a team of experts who has the skills, knowledge, and experience to repair your car quickly and at an affordable price. Call today at (651) 351-7188 to set an appointment or visit their website to learn more about their services.