Uterine fibroids are muscular tumors that grow within the walls of the uterus. One or multiple fibroids can grow at a time and can be as small as apple seeds and as large as grapefruits. Take a moment to learn more about these growths as part of your women’s reproductive health education, and remember they are common during childbearing years.

Common Questions About Uterine Fibroids

Are they cancerous?

These growths are usually non-cancerous, or benign. Less than one in every 1,000 fibroids contains cancerous cells, and doctors currently don’t see a connection between cancer and existing fibroids. This means if you have them, you’re not at an increased risk of developing those with cancerous cells or getting any type of uterine cancer.

What are the symptoms? 

Small uterine fibroids typically go unnoticed; however, fibroid number and location can result in symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure or pain, problems emptying the bladder, constipation, backaches, leg pain, frequent urination, and periods lasting longer than one week. They can also cause pain during sex and feelings of fullness in the pelvis. Procedures such as ultrasounds and MRIs are the only way to know if these growths are causing your symptoms.

Are some women more prone than others?

Yes. Those at an increased risk typically have family members with uterine fibroids. Other risk factors include obesity, diets high in red meat, hypertension, and age, as women in their 30s and 40s are the most susceptible. They usually shrink after menopause. African-American women are at a higher risk of developing them, although the reason is unknown. 

Are there pregnancy risks I should know about?

While small and medium-sized uterine fibroids generally do not affect pregnancy, larger ones can cause feelings of pressure and discomfort. They also increase the risk of placental abruption, or when the placenta dislodges from the uterine wall before delivery. Preterm and cesarean delivery risks also increase. And since pregnancy brings more hormones and blood to the uterus, existing growths can become bigger.

What are my treatment options?

Over-the-counter and prescribed medications mitigate symptoms, such as ibuprofen and birth control drugs. Other treatment options include surgeries such as myomectomies that remove fibroid tissue only, endometrial ablations that remove uterine lining, and hysterectomies that remove the entire uterus. Myomectomies do not interfere with childbearing abilities, unlike the other two surgeries. Lifestyle changes also control fibroid development, such as consuming less red meat and maintaining a healthy weight.  

If you believe you have uterine fibroids or any other issue relating to your reproductive health, schedule an appointment with Women’s Wellness Center of New York. Specializing in fibroid surgery, this New York clinic led by Dr. Tara Shirazian provides the personalized, compassionate care women need to take charge of their health. Call (646) 754-3300 to make your appointment or learn more about the team online.