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Pap smears are a critical part of a comprehensive women’s health regimen, used to detect abnormal cervical cells. Ideally, you’ll have a clear pap smear every time. However, abnormal results are common and can mean different things. Here’s what you should know. 

4 Potential Causes of an Abnormal Pap Smear 

1. Inflammation

A pap smear finding of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) may signal inflammation and nothing more. Inflammation can result from a variety of factors, like yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis, recent intercourse, or the type of condoms or laundry detergent you use. Inflammation typically goes away on its own. However, if you have a bacterial or yeast infection, your doctor will help by prescribing medicine or recommending changes to your diet, medications, or lifestyle that could be causing an imbalance.

2. HPV

pap smearsHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It can affect anyone, and about 50% of sexually active people will contract it at some point. There are different types of HPV. You may have sores around your genitals or more commonly no symptoms at all. Typically, HPV clears up on its own with time. However, some strains can develop into certain types of cancer, most commonly cervical cancer. Your gynecologist may recommend an HPV test if you have abnormal pap results. A diagnosis of HPV alone doesn’t necessarily mean you need further treatment — this depends on the type and progression of the disease.

3. Cervical Dysplasia

You may also receive a result of a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). This signifies cervical dysplasia, which means the cells on your cervix are abnormal. It is not cancer. However, if untreated, it can lead to cancer. Cervical dysplasia is typically caused by HPV. It progresses very slowly, and your doctor will likely monitor your condition if it’s mild or low-grade. However, if the condition is advanced, you may need a cone biopsy, in which the doctor will remove the abnormal cells for further testing.

4. Cervical Cancer

Most abnormal pap results don’t indicate cervical cancer, but some do. The early stages of cervical cancer are typically asymptomatic, which is why early detection is crucial to receive effective treatment. That’s why getting routine pap smears is essential. If you’re diagnosed with cervical cancer, your doctor will refer you to an oncologist. Treatment will vary depending on the severity of the disease and other factors, including your health history. 

 

As a rule of thumb, women of reproductive age should get a pap smear once every three years to maintain a healthy body and peace of mind. If you’re a Saint Louis, MO, resident turn to Midwest Urogynecology for compassionate, experienced gynecology services, from pap smears to urinary tract infection treatment. Call (314) 596-9955 to schedule an appointment or visit the website to learn more.

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