Brushing and flossing are important lines of defense against tooth decay. When you don’t practice these habits every day, bacteria from leftover food particles and plaque can erode your enamel, causing cavities. Worse, decay can lead to even more serious dental issues if left unaddressed. Learn more about the five main stages below.

5 Progressive Phases of Tooth Decay  

1. White Spots

The earliest sign of a decay-related issue is the development of a chalky white spot on the tooth’s surface. This is clinically referred to as demineralization and occurs when plaque builds up on the teeth. In some cases, this initial phase can be reversed through solutions such as fluoride toothpaste, but it’s important to visit your dentist for a professional assessment to see if further intervention is needed.

2. Eroded Enamel

When white spots progress, enamel beneath the tooth’s surface begins to wear away. The body can no longer supply adequate minerals to restore enamel, so a small lesion forms in the tooth. If it isn’t repaired, the decay can become so pronounced that the entire tooth becomes vulnerable to breaking. 

3. Dentin Decay

The dentin is the yellow part of the tooth situated between the enamel and its inner, living tissue, or pulp. When decay travels past the enamel and into the dentin, it can cause severe pain. This is the stage at which cavities are diagnosed. Your dentist will need to fill the cavity to prevent the further spread of decay and to restore the integrity of the tooth.  

4. Infected Pulp

Should tooth decay make its way to the pulp, it will spur the formation of pus. This pus kills off the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth, causing symptoms such as sharp pain and extreme sensitivity to hot and cold foods. To combat the infection and prevent it from returning, dental professionals perform root canal therapy, in which the pulp is removed, the area is sealed off, and the tooth is capped with a crown.

5. Abscess

If an infected pulp isn’t promptly treated, it can lead to an abscess. This serious and extremely painful infection affects the root tip and runs the risk of spreading to nearby bone structure. Swelling and fever can occur. To prevent widespread infection, an emergency root canal or extraction may be needed.

In addition to brushing and flossing, the most powerful practice for avoiding tooth decay of all levels is to visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and exams. If you’re seeking a gentle team of dental professionals who will make you feel welcome at their practice, turn to New Horizons Dental in Grand Rapids, WI. Offering preventive, restorative, and cosmetic dentistry, these experts are well-equipped to provide the precise dental services each patient needs and desires. Browse through their full list of dental care options online or call (715) 424-7810 to schedule an appointment.