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Infectious disease is one of the most prevalent health issues facing the world today, causing about 25% of deaths. New bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites emerge every year, while recognized pathogens evolve to resist antibiotics. You’ve probably heard about infectious diseases in the news as outbreaks like Zika and Ebola made international headlines. You may be wondering what infectious diseases are and what can be done to prevent them. This guide provides the information you need to know. 

Causes

infectious disease Dothan ALEvery infectious disease begins with a microbe. These organisms are everywhere, but only a small percentage are harmful. These are known as viruses, bacteria, fungi, helminths, and protozoa. Infectious diseases can be spread in many ways. Some can be transferred through the skin, while others can be transferred through airborne microbes or the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Some diseases, like Zika, are transferred through bites from vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. Diseases can also be transferred through sexual contact. Pregnant mothers can transfer diseases to their unborn children via the birth canal and placenta. 

Types of Infections 

Infections may affect the entire body or focus on a single organ or system. The most widespread whole-body infections are HIV, measles, malaria, and yellow fever. The upper respiratory tract, lungs, digestive tract, eyes, ears, and reproductive or urinary tracts are common sites of local infection. 
 
The severity of the infection depends on the virulence of infectious agents, the number of organisms in the infecting inoculum, and the strength of a person’s immune system. People with compromised immune systems related to other health conditions are at a higher risk of dying from an infectious disease. Cancer patients may also be more vulnerable if their immune systems are suppressed as part of their treatment protocol. 

Prevention & Treatment 

Vaccines are the most effective tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. In the United States, physicians recommend all children be vaccinated against potentially life-threatening diseases. These include diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, tetanus, polio, measles, rubella, influenza, chickenpox, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenza type B. Additionally, travelers going abroad may be required to get vaccinations for yellow fever, typhoid fever, cholera, and hepatitis. 
 
Other means of prevention include ensuring people have access to clean water and adequate sewage treatment, and sanitary food handling. In extreme cases, people with an infectious disease like Ebola may be quarantined to prevent transfer. 

 

Knowledge is your first line of defense in fighting infectious diseases. To learn more about what you can do to prevent them, contact Fairview Clinic in Dothan, AL. These primary physicians offer comprehensive medical care, including health screenings, vaccinations, and preventative care. Call (334) 794-3192 or visit their website to speak with a staff member today. 

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